Фітонематоди як обмежуючий біотичний чинник аграрного виробництва у світі (огляд)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47414/np.29.2021.244423Ключові слова:
фітопаразитичні нематоди, сільськогосподарські культури, втрати врожаю, захист рослинАнотація
Мета. Проаналізувати вітчизняні й зарубіжні наукові джерела щодо видового складу та шкідливості найбільш небезпечних у світі паразитичних видів фітонематод у посівах сільськогосподарських культур.
Результати. На сьогодні за існуючими літературними даними до найбільш небезпечних видів фітонематод належать: галові (Meloidogyne spp.) і цистоутворювальні (Heterodera spp. та Globodera spp.) нематоди; пратиленхи (Pratylenchus spp.); бананова свердлова Radoholus similis, стеблова Ditylenchus dipsaci та соснова стовбурова Bursaphelenchus xylophilus нематоди; ротиленхулус ниркоподібний Rotylenchulus reniformis; ксифінема індекс Xiphinema index; несправжня галова нематода Nacobbus aberrans та рисовий афеленх Aphelenchoides besseyi.
Висновки. Результати досліджень з поширеності та шкідливості паразитичних видів нематод у посівах сільськогосподарських культур переконують нас у необхідності більш детального вивчення цієї групи мікроорганізмів. Завдяки швидкому розвитку в останнє десятиліття молекулярно-генетичних методів науковці змогли розширити та удосконалити свої знання з ідентифікації видів, рас та патотипів фітонематод, їхніх біологічних та екологічних особливостей, а головне – розкрити та зрозуміти надзвичайно складні механізми взаємодії паразитів та рослини-господаря. Нематологи упевнені, що подальші дослідження у цих та інших напрямках дозволять в майбутньому створити основу для розробки нової стратегії тривалого та екологічно безпечного контролю над цими небезпечними рослинними паразитами.
Посилання
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